图1:肿瘤微环境中细胞因子的动态变化及其在维持免疫抑制表型中的作用1.1IL-2 and TGF-βTGF-β主要由肿瘤微环境中两种免疫抑制细胞即髓系来源的抑制细胞(MDSCs)和调节性T细胞(Tregs)分泌,诱导促肿瘤反应。Tregs(CD25+Foxp3+)一方面通过分泌TGF-β影响T细胞活性。另一方面通过募集IL-2限制肿瘤微环境中效应性T细胞的扩增。在体内,TGF-β通过抑制穿孔素、颗粒酶和干扰素-γ的表达等多种机制,使CD8+和CD4+T细胞增殖和细胞毒T细胞活性的下调。因此抑制TGF-β在免疫微环境中的抑制作用,对CAR-T细胞发挥高效作用具有重要意义。目前溶瘤腺病毒表达TGF-β受体II-Fc融合蛋白与CAR-T联合治疗乳腺癌模型中已展现加强抗肿瘤效果。图2:溶瘤腺病毒表达TGF-β受体II-Fc融合蛋白与CAR-T联合治疗在乳腺癌模型中效果1.2 IL-6
[1] He YF, Wang XH, Zhang GM, Chen HT, Zhang H, Feng ZH. Sustained low-level expression of interferon-γpromotes tumor development: Potential insights in tumor prevention and tumor immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother (2005) 54(9):891–7. doi: 10.1007/s00262-004-0654-1
[2] Wen H, Huo G, Hou T, Qu Z, Sun J, Yu Z, et al. Preclinical efficacy and safety evaluation of interleukin-6-knockdown CAR-T cells targeting at CD19. Ann Transl Med (2021) 9(23):1713–3. doi: 10.21037/atm-21-3372
[3] Chmielewski M, Kopecky C, Hombach AA, Abken H. IL-12 release by engineered T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors can effectively muster an antigen-independent macrophage response on tumor cells that have shut down tumor antigen expression. Cancer Res (2011) 71(17):5697–706. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-0103
[4] Yeku OO, Purdon TJ, Koneru M, Spriggs D, Brentjens RJ. Armored CAR T cells enhance antitumor efficacy and overcome the tumor microenvironment. Sci Rep (2017) 7(1):1–14. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-10940-8